Acute Medicine is the hospital speciality that provides urgent assessment, investigation and treatment for adults who become acutely unwell with a medical illness, usually during the first few days of care. Most patients are referred by their GP, a community healthcare team or the Emergency Department.
Acute physicians specialise in managing patients at a critical point in their illness, often when the diagnosis is uncertain, multiple conditions coexist, and important clinical decisions need to be made quickly.
The specialty combines expertise in acute illness with the breadth of presentations across the medical specialties, practical skills and multidisciplinary leadership. Acute physicians work across Acute Medical Units (AMU), Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC), short-stay services, and, where established, Enhanced Care.
AIM offers a varied and rewarding career, combining challenging clinical medicine with opportunities to improve patient outcomes, develop specialist expertise and shape how acute medical services are delivered.
AIM trainee characteristics
AIM is particularly suited to doctors who enjoy the breadth and variety of acute medical presentations, the challenge of diagnostic uncertainty and the opportunity to make a difference during the early stages of a patient’s illness.
Doctors considering AIM should have an interest in developing:
- Clinical reasoning and diagnostic skills, including point of care ultrasound (POCUS)
- Clinical judgement and decision-making
- Practical and procedural skills
- Teamwork and clinical leadership
- Communication and adaptability
- A commitment to improving care
Above all, AIM appeals to doctors who value clinical variety, enjoy collaborative working and want to combine excellent bedside medicine with opportunities to lead and improve services.
Working in AIM
Acute physicians care for adults with a wide range of acute medical presentations, from common medical emergencies to complex, multisystem illness. Their expertise lies in the early phase of care, typically the first 72 hours, when timely assessment, investigation, treatment and decisions about ongoing care are particularly important.
A typical working day may involve leading the acute medical take, reviewing patients with undifferentiated illness, managing clinical deterioration, undertaking practical procedures, delivering SDEC or overseeing the ongoing care of patients on an AMU.
The specialty encompasses several complementary areas of practice:
- Acute Medical Units (AMUs): Providing specialist assessment, investigation, treatment and short-stay care for patients admitted with acute medical illness.
- Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC): Enabling suitable patients to receive specialist assessment, investigations and treatment without requiring an overnight hospital admission.
- Enhanced Care: Providing closer monitoring and additional treatment for patients whose clinical needs exceed those of a standard medical ward.
Acute physicians also play an important role in coordinating care between Emergency Medicine, other medical specialties, critical care, and community services, ensuring patients receive appropriate treatment and a safe transition to the next stage of care.
This combination of clinical variety, diagnostic challenge, practical skills and service leadership makes AIM a distinctive and rewarding medical specialty.
Training
Higher specialty training in AIM is a four-year programme (whole-time equivalent), commencing at ST4 and leading to dual certification in Acute Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine.
Training develops expertise in the assessment and management of acute medical illness alongside the leadership and organisational skills required to deliver high-quality acute medical services.
Residents spend a substantial proportion of their training within acute medical services, with mandatory placements in respiratory medicine, cardiology, geriatric medicine and intensive care medicine.
Distinctive features of AIM training include:
- Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS): Mandatory acquisition of ultrasound competencies to support bedside assessment, diagnosis and clinical decision-making.
- An additional specialist skill: All higher specialist residents develop expertise in a chosen specialist skill, which may include procedural skills such as echocardiography, clinical interests such as acute oncology, medical education or research, in accordance with curriculum requirements.
- Leadership and service development: Developing the skills to lead multidisciplinary teams, manage acute medical services and improve patient pathways, quality and safety.
- Experience across different levels of acuity: Managing patients from initial assessment and SDEC through to inpatient care, clinical deterioration and escalation, with opportunities to gain experience in Enhanced Care.
- Education and research: Opportunities to develop interests in teaching, academic medicine, quality improvement and innovation.
There are also opportunities to pursue approved dual training pathways with Intensive Care Medicine or Stroke Medicine.
Focus on medical problems and ongoing care
AIM is distinct from Emergency Medicine in its focus on adults presenting with acute medical illness and its responsibility for continuing assessment, investigation, treatment and clinical decision-making beyond the initial emergency presentation.
Acute physicians frequently manage patients whose diagnoses are not yet established, whose conditions span multiple medical specialties or whose care requires coordination between several clinical teams.
Although AIM training incorporates Internal Medicine, AIM is a distinct specialty with particular expertise in the early management of acute medical illness, diagnostic decision-making, SDEC, Enhanced Care and the leadership of acute medical services.
The role extends beyond initial stabilisation to monitoring response to treatment, refining the diagnosis and ensuring appropriate ongoing care. For many patients, this enables safe discharge directly home; others require continued inpatient treatment or transfer to another specialist team.
General / application queries
For general queries relating to areas such as eligibility criteria, making an application or the Oriel system, please contact the Physician Specialty Recruitment Office.
Queries regarding the progress of a submitted application should be directed to the lead recruiter for this specialty. The lead recruiter for acute internal medicine in is West Midlands.
| NHS England West Midlands | |
|---|---|
| General queries | Support : midlands.freshdesk.com |
| Website | www.westmidlandsdeanery.nhs.uk |
Expected to participate in round 2
This specialty has traditionally participated in the second round. Although it cannot be guaranteed until the first round is completed, it is very likely that there will be a second round for this specialty this recruitment year. Participation in the second round is confirmed in June each year.
Commitment to specialty
The specialty will be assessing your commitment to specialty as part of the shortlisting process. Please visit the application scoring page for more information about how this is assessed and scored.
Group 1 specialty
This is a Group 1 specialty and requires completion of the internal medicine training (IMT) stage 1 programme or equivalent; all programmes in the specialty will dual specialise with general internal medicine.
Therefore, this specialty uses the standard HST eligibility criteria for Group 1 specialties and does not accept candidates from any alternative training routes. Please visit the am I eligible? section of this website for further information.
ICM applicants seeking to dual train
Although the specialty usually only accepts trainees who have completed the full Internal Medicine Stage 1 Training curriculum requirements, an exception is for current intensive care medicine trainees who are applying with the intention to dual train in this specialty. These trainees can be considered provided that they can demonstrate all of the following:
- Completion of UK Core Medical Training or ACCS acute medicine; they do not apply to IMT trainees who left the programme early, before completing the full curriculum outcomes.
- Successful completion of ST3 in ICM by the advertised post start date.
- Making satisfactory progress with their ICM training, evidenced by ARCP.
- In addition, applicants must not be beyond the end of ST5 in ICM at the time of interview if they are applying with the intention of undertaking a dual CCT programme with ICM.
It will be necessary to complete the Internal Medicine Stage 1 curriculum as part of the higher specialty training programme and this will be reviewed with your training programme director, taking into account your individual circumstances.
These are transitional arrangements and it is not guaranteed how long they are in place at time of writing.
Indicative post numbers
Indicative vacancy numbers are available in the table below, broken down by region and divided between substantive national training number (NTN) and locum appointment for training (LAT) posts. In many cases these will be presented as a range (e.g. 1-4) as it is not always possible for regions to know at this stage how many vacancies there will be.
It is the intention that indicative post numbers for all regions will be published prior to the application opening date, although this cannot be guaranteed. Please note that this table is not likely to be updated subsequent to indicative numbers and actual numbers will be confirmed when programme preferences are opened later in the round.
Numbers subject to change
Please be aware that it is not uncommon for vacancy numbers to change as the round progresses.
More commonly, post vacancy numbers can increase as the round goes on (and confirmation of posts becomes available); but it is also possible that numbers can reduce as well. In the past, post numbers have risen an average of 20-40% from the start to the finish of the round but this can vary greatly for individual specialty/region combinations.
It is possible that regions which do not have a post at the start of the round may declare one after applications have closed. Whilst we try and minimise instances of this, it is not always possible to predict vacancies so even if there appears not to be a vacancy in your preferred specialty/region combination, you may wish to consider applying in case one becomes available during the round; you can check with the region concerned if you wish to check on the likelihood of a post arising.
Generally, once a region enter a post into a round they would always have at least one post available and would only withdraw it in exceptional circumstances.
Round 1 Interview dates & posts
| Region | NTN posts | LAT posts* | Evidence upload date(s) | Interview date(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Midlands | TBC | N/A |
TBC
|
TBC
|
| East of England | TBC | N/A | ||
|
London |
TBC |
N/A |
||
| Kent, Surrey and Sussex | TBC | N/A |
||
| North East | TBC | N/A | ||
|
North West |
TBC |
N/A | ||
|
South West |
Peninsula TBC |
N/A | ||
|
Severn TBC |
N/A | |||
| Thames Valley | TBC | N/A | ||
| Wessex | TBC | N/A | ||
| West Midlands | TBC | N/A | ||
|
Yorkshire & Humber |
TBC |
N/A |
||
| Scotland** | TBC | TBC | ||
| Wales | TBC | TBC |
*English LATs
Please note, English regions do not recruit to LAT posts.
**Scotland post numbers
If you are interested in working in Scotland, a breakdown of post numbers by the four Scottish regions is available on the Scottish Medical Training website. This has details of all specialty training post numbers in Scotland, including specialties which are not part of the nationally-coordinated process.
The SMT website will always be the more accurate one where they differ.
Interview content
The interview will be split across two stations with a separate pair of interviewers scoring you on the areas in their station. There will be four questions which range between 4-7 minutes in length. You will be marked on these four questions and your communication skills in both stations, giving six scored areas in total. You will be scored by two interviewers on each question.
Each station will last 11 minutes, so including the time between stations, the interview will be approximately 30-35 minutes.
Please note that this is subject to change and will be confirmed by the date of interview.
Prior to this question you will be given a clinical scenario and a short while to review it. You will then be asked questions relating to this scenario. This question will last approximately 7 minutes.
The clinical scenario will be relatively brief (two/three sentences), so once you have seen this, the remainder of the preparation time will allow you to undertake some short mental preparation. Whilst it is permitted to make notes, these must be destroyed as soon as your interview is completed and not shared with anyone.
Clinical scenario considerations
The scenario will describe a hypothetical clinical situation which has arisen in which you are, or have become, involved. Some points to consider when reviewing the scenario and preparing for discussion are:
- what steps you would take
- any potential treatments possible
- any further information you would gather
- how you would go about communicating with any people (eg patients, family members, colleagues) involved in the scenario
You should also consider any other factors you deem appropriate, using your experience and professional judgement.
This question will explore ethical, professionalism and governance issues. It will start with a hypothetical situation which is not given to you before entering the station and will be given verbally by interviewers.
This is not a clinical question, but will deal with the moral, ethical, legal, etc. issues of a particular situation. Following the hypothetical situation, and where time allows, there will be one or more questions about GMC Good Medical Practice principles.
The assessment of this question is underpinned by the principles of GMC Good Medical Practice.
This question will last approximately 4 minutes.
Not an actual question, you will be assessed and scored specifically on the communication skills you demonstrate throughout the station.
This will be both an assessment of how you would communicate with patients, colleagues, etc. in the scenario, as well as of how well you communicate with interviewers throughout all questions.
This question will explore the non-clinical aspects of being a medical registrar, focusing on two of the Capabilities in Practice (CiPs) from the Internal Medicine Stage 1 Curriculum:
- Managing an acute unselected take
- Managing a multi-disciplinary team including effective discharge planning
You are required to start the station with a one-minute presentation: ‘A summary of your experience managing the acute unselected medical take as the medical registrar.’ In describing your experience, your presentation should summarise the following:
- The roles and duration you have undertaken in this capacity
- The level of responsibility you have held, and the degree to which you have been supervised
- The size and profile of the multi-disciplinary teams you have managed
- The number of patients for which you were directly and indirectly responsible whilst leading the acute unselected medical take
- Outline of the non-clinical duties you have performed in the role.
Following your presentation, interviewers may ask questions to clarify or ask you to expand upon your experience.
The remaining time in the station will ask you to draw on your experience of managing a team caring for acute medical admissions by giving examples of how you have managed different situations.
This question will last approximately 7 minutes.
Presentation guidance
When preparing your presentation, please bear in mind the points below:
- Give headlines and brief descriptions to maximise the time available.
- Ensure your presentation is clear and well-structured.
- One-minute time limit - Your presentation must last for no more than one minute, and you will be stopped at this point.
- No aids/resources allowed – you are not allowed to use any visual representations, such as PowerPoint, when giving your presentation and you must not share your screen. You are welcome to use notes, but these should be for your own use only.
This question will focus on your suitability for and commitment to the specialty and give you opportunity to expand on the information provided in your application form.
This question will last approximately 4 minutes.
Not an actual question, you will be assessed and scored specifically on the communication skills you demonstrate throughout the station.
Scoring framework
The score of 1-5 an interviewer will award you for each assessment area is judged in relation to how well you perform against an expected level. Below is the framework used to award scores at interview, as well as interpretation of what these scores represent:
|
Mark
|
Rating
|
Assessment
|
|
1 |
poor |
not considered appointable |
|
2 |
area for concern |
performed below the level expected from a core level trainee applying to the specialty; |
|
3 |
satisfactory |
performed at the level expected of a core level trainee applying to the specialty; |
|
4 |
good |
above average ability; |
|
5 |
excellent |
highly performing trainee; |
As shown in the table, for each of the question areas at interview, 3/5 is considered a satisfactory score; and reflects the level of performance that would be expected of a trainee ready to progress to a specialty training programme.
Should your performance go above and beyond this expected level, interviewers can award marks of 4/5 or 5/5 as appropriate.
Conversely, should your interview performance not reach the expected level, then interviewers can award marks of 1/5 or 2/5, as reflects their level of concern over your performance.
Appointability
Raw interview score (RIS)
The RIS is the sum of all twelve scores awarded to you during your interview, but before any weighting is applied.
As each individual score will be between 1 and 5, your RIS will be between 12 and 60.
Appointability requirements
To be classed as 'appointable', you must meet all three criteria below:
- none of your twelve interview scores can be 1/5
- no more than two of your twelve interview scores can be 2/5
- your RIS must be 36 or above.
If you meet all three requirements, your application will be assessed as appointable, and can progress to be considered for post offers.
However, if you fail to meet any of these requirements, your application must then be assessed as not appointable, and it will progress no further in that round.
Total Score
After interview, a weighting is applied to the scores in each area, as well as your application score.
These scores are then combined to give your total score which determines your ranking, which will in turn be used to inform how offers are made. The weighting of different sections, as well as the method by which your total score is established, is detailed in the table accessible through the link below:
|
|
Interviewer 1
|
Interviewer 2
|
Weighting
|
Max score
|
|
Question 1
|
||||
|
Clinical scenario
|
/ 5
|
/ 5
|
1.8
|
18
|
|
Question 2
|
||||
|
Ethical, professionalism and governance
|
/ 5
|
/ 5
|
1.2
|
12 |
|
Question 3
|
||||
| Communication mark |
/ 5
|
/ 5
|
1.0
|
10
|
|
Question 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medical registrar suitability
|
/ 5
|
/ 5
|
1.2
|
12
|
|
Question 5
|
||||
| Suitability & commitment | / 5 | / 5 | 1.8 | 18 |
| Question 6 | ||||
| Communication mark | / 5 | / 5 | 1.0 | 10 |
|
Raw interview score
|
/ 60
|
|||
|
Interview score (w weighting)
|
/ 80
|
|||
|
Application score
|
/ 40
|
0.5
|
/ 20
|
|
|
Total score
|
/ 100
|
|||
As part of the process of applying to HST, you may wish to gain an idea of how recruitment progressed in previous years for the various specialties participating in the nationally-coordinated recruitment.
To this end, we have published data dating back to 2013 (where this is available), based around four main areas:
-
Competition ratios - application numbers submitted to each specialty, along with the number of NTN and LAT posts available in each. It is worth noting that posts are subject to change throughout the round (increasing on average between 20-40%), and post numbers for this data are taken at the end of the round.
-
Shortlist scores - the scores awarded to all submitted applications, including average scores and distribution nationally.
-
Total scores - the total score awarded to all candidates who completed the full recruitment process for a specialty (application and interview), including some analysis of scores.
-
Post fill rates - the number of posts filled by region.
We have published information for all specialties participating in our process that year; consequently not all specialties will have data in all cases.
Round 1
| Year | Apps. | NTN posts | LAT posts | Total posts | Comp. | Unique* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 502 | 83 | 2 | 85 | 5.9 | 10% |
| 2025 | 443 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 4.4 | 15% |
| 2024 | 367 | 82 | 3 | 85 | 4.3 | 15% |
| 2023 | 335 | 82 | 0 | 82 | 4.1 | 15% |
| 2022 | 468 | 78 | 2 | 80 | 5.8 | 17% |
| 2021 | This specialty did not participate in Round 1 | |||||
| 2020 | 475 | 84 | 7 | 91 | 5.2 | 22% |
| 2019 | 298 | 104 | 2 | 106 | 2.8 | 24% |
| 2018 | 244 | 129 | 1 | 130 | 1.9 | 29% |
| 2017 | 237 | 125 | 0 | 125 | 1.9 | 24% |
| 2016 | 230 | 117 | 2 | 118 | 2.2 | 23% |
| 2015 | 203 | 95 | 21 | 116 | 1.8 | 22% |
* the percentage of unique candidates that only applied to this specialty (out of the PSRO-coordinated specialties)
Round 2
| Year | Apps. | NTN posts | LAT posts | Total posts | Comp. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 252 | 53 | 0 | 53 | 4.6 |
| 2024 | 155 | 71 | 0 | 71 | 2.2 |
| 2023 | 136 | 44 | 0 | 44 | 3.0 |
| 2022 | 157 | 46 | 1 | 47 | 3.3 |
| 2021 | Did not participate in R2 | ||||
| 2020 | 336 | 40 | 1 | 41 | 8.1 |
| 2019 | 194 | 45 | 1 | 46 | 4.2 |
| 2018 | 115 | 62 | 0 | 62 | 1.9 |
| 2017 | 95 | 68 | 0 | 68 | 1.4 |
| 2016 | 71 | 48 | 1 | 49 | 1.4 |
| 2015 | 61 | 48 | 24 | 72 | 0.8 |